Hatred

縱論
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By Wisława Szymborska

A black and white portrait captures an elderly woman with a kind smile, wearing a light-colored shirt under a patterned jacket. (Captioned by AI)

See how efficient it still is,

how it keeps itself in shape—

our century’s hatred.

How easily it vaults the tallest obstacles.

How rapidly it pounces, tracks us down.

It’s not like other feelings.

At once both older and younger.

It gives birth itself to the reasons

that give it life.

When it sleeps, it’s never eternal rest.

And sleeplessness won’t sap its strength; it feeds it.

One religion or another –

whatever gets it ready, in position.

One fatherland or another –

whatever helps it get a running start.

Justice also works well at the outset

until hate gets its own momentum going.

Hatred. Hatred.

Its face twisted in a grimace

of erotic ecstasy…

Hatred is a master of contrast-

between explosions and dead quiet,

red blood and white snow.

Above all, it never tires

of its leitmotif – the impeccable executioner

towering over its soiled victim.

It’s always ready for new challenges.

If it has to wait awhile, it will.

They say it’s blind. Blind?

It has a sniper’s keen sight

and gazes unflinchingly at the future

as only it can.

Last edited by @suen 2024-11-18T14:23:50Z

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@Creative 翻譯

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This poem by Wisława Szymborska, “Hatred,” is a powerful and unsettling exploration of the nature of hatred, presented as a persistent and adaptable force. Let’s break it down:

Stanza 1: The poem opens by personifying hatred as something efficient and “in shape,” suggesting it’s a constant presence that maintains its strength and agility. It’s described as easily overcoming obstacles and relentlessly pursuing its targets, highlighting its destructive power.

Stanza 2: Szymborska emphasizes the unique nature of hatred, stating it’s different from other emotions. It’s both ancient and ever-renewing, creating its own justifications for existence. This implies that hatred isn’t always a response to external events; it can be self-generated and self-perpetuating.

Stanza 3: Hatred is shown as tireless. It doesn’t need rest and even gains strength from sleeplessness. This reinforces the idea of it being a relentless and enduring force.

Stanzas 4 and 5: The poem explores how hatred uses various ideologies and loyalties as tools. Religion and patriotism can be manipulated to fuel hatred, and even justice can be twisted to serve its purposes. This highlights the dangerous ways in which hatred can infiltrate seemingly noble causes.

Stanza 6: The repetition of “Hatred. Hatred.” emphasizes the central theme and adds a sense of urgency. The description of hatred’s “face twisted in a grimace of erotic ecstasy” is jarring and unsettling. This line suggests that hatred can provide a perverse sense of pleasure or satisfaction to those who indulge in it.

Stanza 7: Szymborska further highlights the unsettling nature of hatred by focusing on its mastery of contrasts. It finds expression in the extremes of violence and silence, bloodshed and purity, creating a stark and disturbing image. The “impeccable executioner” and “soiled victim” trope represents the power dynamic inherent in hatred.

Stanza 8: The final stanza underscores hatred’s enduring nature and its unwavering focus on the future. It is patient and adaptable, ready to exploit any opportunity. The final lines challenge the notion that hatred is blind. Instead, it possesses a chillingly precise vision, suggesting it is a calculated and deliberate force.

Overall Themes:

  • The Persistence and Adaptability of Hatred: Szymborska portrays hatred as a timeless force that constantly reinvents itself, using various ideologies and situations to sustain its existence.
  • The Self-Generating Nature of Hatred: The poem suggests that hatred doesn’t always require external triggers; it can create its own justifications.
  • The Perversion of Positive Ideals: Hatred can manipulate religion, patriotism, and justice to serve its destructive ends.
  • The Unsettling Pleasure of Hatred: The poem alludes to a perverse satisfaction derived from hatred, adding a layer of complexity to its portrayal.
  • The Deliberate and Calculated Nature of Hatred: Contrary to being blind, hatred is presented as having a focused and far-sighted vision.

Literary Devices:

  • Personification: Hatred is given human-like qualities and actions, making it a tangible and active force.
  • Repetition: The repetition of “Hatred” emphasizes its central role.
  • Contrast: The juxtaposition of opposing images (explosions/quiet, blood/snow) highlights the disturbing nature of hatred.
  • Metaphor: The “impeccable executioner” and “soiled victim” serve as powerful metaphors for the power dynamics of hatred.

Significance:

Szymborska’s poem serves as a chilling reminder of the enduring presence of hatred in the world. It encourages readers to examine the ways in which hatred manifests itself, both individually and collectively. By exposing the perversity and adaptability of hatred, the poem urges vigilance and critical thinking to combat its destructive power.

The image you’ve provided is a poignant portrait of Wisława Szymborska, capturing her wisdom and gentle demeanor. This contrasts starkly with the disturbing themes of “Hatred,” creating a powerful juxtaposition between the poet and her subject matter. Her kind expression highlights the humanity that hatred seeks to destroy.

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翻譯原作為中文

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好的，请稍等，我会根据你提供的西姆博尔斯卡的诗歌《仇恨》提供中文翻译。

仇恨

作者：维斯拉瓦·辛波丝卡

瞧它依然多么高效，
如何保持自身状态——
我们世纪的仇恨。

它如何轻易地越过最高的障碍。
它如何迅速地扑向我们，追踪我们。
它不同于其他情感。
它既老又年轻。
它自己孕育出
赋予它生命的理由。

它入睡时，永远不会长眠。
失眠也不会消耗它的力量；反而会滋养它。

一种宗教或另一种——
任何让它准备就绪，进入状态的东西。
一个祖国或另一个——
任何帮助它开始冲刺的东西。

正义在开始时也很好用
直到仇恨获得自身的动力。

仇恨。仇恨。
它的脸扭曲成
一种情色狂喜的鬼脸……

仇恨是对比的大师——
爆炸与死寂之间，
红色的血与白色的雪之间。

最重要的是，它从不厌倦
它的主旋律——无可挑剔的刽子手
高高在上地俯视着它污秽的受害者。

它总是准备迎接新的挑战。
如果它必须等待一段时间，它就会等待。

人们说它是盲目的。盲目？
它有着狙击手般敏锐的视力
并且坚定地凝视着未来
只有它能做到。

请注意，这只是基于你提供的英文翻译和理解做出的中文翻译，可能与波兰语原文在某些细微之处有所出入。如果您有波兰语原文，我可以提供更准确的翻译。希望这个翻译对您有所帮助。

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NIENAWIŚĆ

Spójrzcie, jaka wciąż sprawna,

Jak dobrze się trzyma

w naszym stuleciu nienawiść.

Jak lekko bierze wysokie przeszkody.

Jakie to łatwe dla niej - skoczyć, dopaść.

Nie jest jak inne uczucia.

Starsza i młodsza od nich równocześnie.

Sama rodzi przyczyny,

które ją budzą do życia.

Jeśli zasypia, to nigdy snem wiecznym.

Bezsenność nie odbiera jej sił, ale dodaje.

Religia nie religia -

byle przyklęknąć na starcie.

Ojczyzna nie ojczyzna -

byle się zerwać do biegu.

Niezła i sprawiedliwość na początek.

Potem już pędzi sama.

Nienawiść. Nienawiść.

Twarz jej wykrzywia grymas

ekstazy miłosnej.

Ach, te inne uczucia -

cherlawe i ślamazarne.

Od kiedy to braterstwo

może liczyć na tłumy?

Współczucie czy kiedykolwiek

pierwsze dobiło do mety?

Zwątpienie ilu chętnych porywa za sobą?

Porywa tylko ona, która swoje wie.

Zdolna, pojętna, bardzo pracowita.

Czy trzeba mówić ile ułożyła pieśni.

Ile stronic historii ponumerowała.

Ila dywanów z ludzi porozpościerała

na ilu placach, stadionach.

Nie okłamujmy się:

potrafi tworzyć piękno.

Wspaniałe są jej łuny czarną nocą.

Świetne kłęby wybuchów o różanym świcie.

Trudno odmówić patosu ruinom

i rubasznego humoru

krzepko sterczącej nad nimi kolumnie.

Jest mistrzynią kontrastu

między łoskotem a ciszą,

między czerwoną krwią a białym śniegiem.

A nade wszystko nigdy jej nie nudzi

motyw schludnego oprawcy

nad splugawioną ofiarą.

Do nowych zadań w każdej chwili gotowa.

Jeżeli musi poczekać, poczeka.

Mówią, że ślepa. Ślepa?

Ma bystre oczy snajpera

i śmiało patrzy w przyszłość

  • ona jedna.

[wiersz z tomu Koniec i Początek, wyd. a5, 1993 r. Rękopis ze zbiorów Fundacji Wisławy Szymborskiej]

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好的，感谢您提供波兰语原文。我将根据波兰语原文重新翻译西姆博尔斯卡的诗歌《仇恨》。

仇恨

作者：维斯拉瓦·辛波丝卡

瞧啊，它依然多么敏捷，
它保持得多么好
在我们这个世纪，仇恨。

它多么轻巧地跨越重重障碍。
对它而言多么容易——跳跃，追捕。
它不像其他情感。
它既比它们年长又比它们年轻。
它自己孕育着
唤醒它生命的理由。

即便它沉睡，也绝非长眠不醒。
失眠不会削弱它的力量，反而会增强。

宗教非宗教——
只求在起跑线上屈膝。
祖国非祖国——
只求猛地开始奔跑。

正义起初也不错。
然后它便独自疾驰。

仇恨。仇恨。
它的脸扭曲成
一种情色狂喜的怪相。

啊，那些其他情感——
孱弱而迟钝。
从何时起，博爱
能指望成群的追随者？
同情，又有哪一次
率先冲过终点线？
怀疑，又能引领多少热情的信徒？
只有它能引领，它深谙自己的目标。

有能力，悟性高，非常勤奋。
还用说它谱写了多少赞歌吗？
它为多少页历史编上了页码。
它在多少广场、体育场
用人群铺开了多少地毯。

别自欺欺人了：
它能创造美。
它在黑夜中燃起的火光无比壮丽。
它在玫瑰色的黎明中绽放的爆炸烟云无比辉煌。
废墟的悲壮难以抗拒，
还有那
雄壮地矗立在废墟之上的圆柱，
带着粗犷的幽默。

它是对比的大师，
在轰鸣与寂静之间，
在鲜红的血与洁白的雪之间。

最重要的是，它从不厌倦
那个整洁的刽子手
俯视着被玷污的牺牲者
这一主题。

它随时准备迎接新的任务。
如果必须等待，它就会等待。

人们说它是盲目的。盲目？
它有着狙击手般敏锐的眼睛
并大胆地凝视着未来
——只有它。

与基于英文翻译版本的区别和更正：

  • "sprawna"的翻译: 原文中的“sprawna”除了“高效”，更强调“敏捷、熟练”，因此在新的翻译中调整为“敏捷”。
  • "schludnego oprawcy"的翻译: 英文翻译中将“schludnego”翻译为“impeccable”（无可挑剔的），虽然意思相近，但原文更强调“整洁、干净”。因此，在新的翻译中调整为“整洁”。
  • **补充段落：**英文翻译中缺失了几个段落，新的翻译根据波兰语原文进行了补充，这些段落强调了仇恨的感染力（能引领人群）、创造力（谱写赞歌，编纂历史）和虚伪的“美感”（创造壮丽的火光和爆炸烟云）。
  • **情感对比：**补充段落中，原文将仇恨与其他情感（博爱、同情、怀疑）进行对比，突显仇恨的强大和吸引力，而其他情感则被描述为“孱弱而迟钝”。

通过对波兰语原文的直接翻译，我们可以更准确地理解西姆博尔斯卡诗歌中对“仇恨”的深刻描绘。她不仅揭示了仇恨的破坏力，还揭示了它的诱惑力和虚伪性。它能够创造一种扭曲的“美”，并吸引人们追随。这种对仇恨的复杂理解，使得这首诗更加发人深省。

希望这个基于波兰语原文的翻译更准确地传达了西姆博尔斯卡诗歌的含义。如果您还有其他问题或需要进一步的解释，请随时告诉我。

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之前在三联周刊上看过