高中語文 - * 扬州慢（淮左名都）/ 姜夔

教材 選必下
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选自《姜白石词笺注》卷一（中华书局2009 年版）。

扬州慢，词牌名。

姜夔（1155—1221），字尧章，号白石道人，饶州鄱阳（今属江西）人，南宋文学家、音乐家。

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淮扬洁秋图（局部） ［清］石涛 作

淳熙丙申至日，予过维扬。夜雪初霁，荠麦弥望。入其城则四顾萧条，寒水自碧。暮色渐起，戍角悲吟。予怀怆然，感慨今昔，因自度此曲。千岩老人以为有黍离之悲也。

淮左名都，竹西佳处，解鞍少驻初程。过春风十里，尽荠麦青青。自胡马窥江去后，废池乔木，犹厌言兵。渐黄昏，清角吹寒，都在空城。

杜郎俊赏，算而今，重到须惊。纵豆蔻词工，青楼梦好，难赋深情。二十四桥仍在，波心荡，冷月无声。念桥边红药，年年知为谁生？

〔淮左〕今淮河以东地区，当时设置淮南东路。

〔竹西〕竹西亭，在扬州北门外。

〔解鞍少驻〕解下马鞍短暂停留。

〔春风十里〕指原本十分繁华的扬州长街。杜牧诗《赠别》（其一）有“春风十里扬州路”之语。

〔胡马窥江〕指金兵进犯长江北岸。宋高宗在位时，金兵两次南下攻宋，扬州均遭劫难。

〔清角〕清越的号角。

〔杜郎俊赏〕指杜牧曾快意游赏扬州。

〔纵豆蔻词工，青楼梦好，难赋深情〕意思是，纵使杜牧能极为工巧地描绘扬州的妙龄少女和青楼之梦，也难以表达对扬州遭劫的悲痛之情。杜牧诗《赠别》（其一）有“娉娉袅袅十三余，豆蔻梢头二月初”之语，《遣怀》有“十年一觉扬州梦，赢得青楼薄幸名”之语。

〔二十四桥〕指吴家砖桥，因古有二十四位美人吹箫于此，故名。一说，扬州在唐时极为富盛，著名的桥有二十四座，故名。杜牧诗《寄扬州韩绰判官》有“二十四桥明月夜，玉人何处教吹箫”之语。

〔红药〕芍药花。

这两首宋词都以城市为表现对象，一写承平盛世，一写劫后孤城，内容不同，意趣亦相异。

《望海潮》开头总览杭州的优越位置和悠久历史，接着描绘此地风景的优美、市井的繁华以及人民生活的平和安乐。这首词采用铺叙的写法，以点带面，虚实相间，渲染烘托，形成一种畅达流利的气势。同样是歌咏城市，《扬州慢》则聚焦于扬州今昔盛衰的对比。词人一面描摹眼前景象，一面想象杜牧重游故地的震惊和悲哀，强化了兵火劫后的沉痛心情。

柳永和姜夔都是深谙音律的词人，《望海潮》和《扬州慢》的词牌分别为二人首创，两首词作也极富声韵之美。诵读时要细加体会。

This is a companion discussion topic for the original entry at https://sites.google.com/view/pkuschool/%e9%81%b8%e5%bf%85%e4%b8%8b/%e7%ac%ac%e4%b8%80%e5%8d%95%e5%85%83/%e6%89%ac%e5%b7%9e%e6%85%a2%e6%b7%ae%e5%b7%a6%e5%90%8d%e9%83%bd-%e5%a7%9c%e5%a4%94

Last edited by @suen 2024-08-18T09:51:32Z

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@Creative_bot 本作极富声韵之美，我怎麼體會不到？

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I understand you are asking about how to appreciate the sonic beauty of a piece of writing, specifically referencing “The Farewell at Stone City” (Dukes), a poem by Liu Yuxi. It’s great you are seeking a deeper understanding of the poem’s artistry!

Here’s how we can approach appreciating the sound and rhythm of this poem, keeping in mind this is classical Chinese poetry, which has its own set of aesthetic rules:

  1. Understanding the Context: The provided text gives us helpful footnotes. This is crucial because:

    • “淮左” (Huai Zuo, East of Huai River): Knowing this refers to a specific historical region, and not just a direction, adds a layer of historical weight and perhaps evokes certain imagery or emotions associated with that area.
    • “竹西” (Zhu Xi, West of the Bamboo): This refers to a specific pavilion outside Yangzhou city. Knowing this concrete location makes the scene more vivid.
    • “解鞍少驻” (Jie An Shao Zhu, Briefly Dismount and Stay): This phrase is already quite evocative, but knowing the literal meaning helps us “hear” the action more clearly - the clinking of the saddle being removed, the brief pause in a journey.

  2. Sound Devices in Classical Chinese Poetry: Even if you are not reading aloud in Chinese, knowing the sound devices at play helps you “hear” them mentally:

    • Rhyme: Classical Chinese poetry often uses rhymes at the end of lines. You’d need the original Chinese text of the poem to identify the rhyme scheme.
    • Tonal Patterns: Classical Chinese is a tonal language. Each character has a tone, and poets carefully arrange tones to create musicality. This is lost in translation but can be researched.
    • Repetition and Parallelism: Look for repeated words, phrases, or grammatical structures. These create rhythm and emphasize ideas.

  3. Beyond Sound - Imagery and Emotion:

    • Connecting Sound and Meaning: Often, the sound devices enhance the poem’s meaning. For example, does a slow, drawn-out line reflect sadness or contemplation?
    • Your Emotional Response: Ultimately, the most important thing is your own response to the poem. How does it make you feel? What images or sensations come to mind?

How to Deepen Your Appreciation:

  • Find a Reading/Recitation: If possible, find a recording of the poem in Chinese. Even if you don’t understand the language, you can appreciate the musicality.
  • Learn More About Classical Chinese Poetry: Resources on the forms, rules, and aesthetics of the era will enhance your understanding.
  • Read Different Translations: Compare how different translators handle the sound and rhythm of the poem.

Remember, appreciating art is a journey. Don’t be afraid to explore and discover!

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以中文解說如何體會 扬州慢（淮左名都）/ 姜夔的极富声韵之美

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姜夔的《扬州慢·淮左名都》以其沉郁顿挫的音韵、凄清悲凉的意境著称，要体会其声韵之美，可以从以下几个方面着手：

1. 感受平仄与韵律的起伏

  • 词作采用长调慢词的形式，篇幅较长，更能营造出一种跌宕起伏的音乐感。
  • 词中多用长短句交错，平仄相对，例如开篇“淮左名都，竹西佳处，解鞍少驻初程”一句，长短相间，平仄协调，读来朗朗上口，极富韵律美。
  • 全篇押“-eng”韵，韵脚响亮，更添音韵之美。

2. 体味音调的和谐与变化

  • 词中多用叠字，如“过春风十里，尽荠麦青青”、“二十四桥仍在，波心荡，冷月无声”，反复吟咏，更觉音韵悠扬，回味无穷。
  • 词中还巧妙地运用了一些象声词和叠词，如“念桥边红药，年年知为谁生”， “知”字的入声短促有力，将词人内心的愤懑之情表达得淋漓尽致，同时也增强了词的音乐性。

3. 领会情感与音韵的交融

  • 词作通过对扬州昔日繁华与今日萧条的对比，表达了词人深沉的家国之痛和身世之感。
  • 词的音韵也随着情感的变化而变化，例如上片描写扬州昔日繁华，音调较为明快；而下片描写扬州今日的凄凉，音调则转为低沉，两者相互映衬，更显词作的悲凉之感。

4. 借助吟诵与体会

  • 体会声韵之美最好的方法就是反复吟诵，用心感受词的音韵美和情感变化。
  • 可以尝试用不同的语调和节奏来朗读，体会词中不同的情感层次。

总而言之，《扬州慢·淮左名都》的声韵美与其深沉的情感完美融合，相辅相成，共同成就了这首千古名作。只有通过反复品读，用心体会，才能真正领略到其声韵之美和情感之深沉。